The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing is an academic center affiliated with the Division of Toxicological Sciences in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.
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Publication-Sidney Green, Jr., Ph.D., Fellow, ATS
TestSmart-High Production Volume Chemicals: An Approach to Implementing Alternatives into Regulatory Toxicology. Sidney Green, Alan M. Goldberg and Joanne Zurlo. Toxicological Sciences, volume 63, pp. 6-14, 2001.
The TestSmart-HPV Program: Development of an Integrated Approach for Testing High Production Volume Chemicals. Sidney Green, Alan Goldberg and Joanne Zurlo. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, volume 33, pp. 105- 109, 2001.
Glutamate Release from Chick Retina Explants in Response to Domoic Acid, by C.I. Nduaka, R.E. Taylor, S. Green, T. Flynn, V. Sathyamoorthy, R.L.Sprando and J.N. Johannessen. In Vitro Molecular Toxicology, volume 12, Number 3, pp. 173-181, 1999.
The Regulatory Perspective on the Role of Toxicology in Protecting Public Health, by Sidney Green, International Journal of Toxicology, volume 18, Number 3, pp. 209-212, 1999.
Update on Agency Initiatives in Alternative Methods, in Dermatotoxicology Methods Handbook, by Sidney Green, edited by F. Marzulli and H. Maibach, Published by Taylor & Francis, Washington DC, pp. 377-381,1997.
Integration of Alternative Tests into a Toxicology Research Program, in Advances in Animal Alternatives for Safety and Efficacy Testing, by Sidney Green and S. Sahu, edited by Salem & Katz. Published by Taylor & Francis, Washington DC, pp. 437-444, 1997.
Food Antioxidants; Dual Role in Carcinogenesis, in Antioxidants, Oxidants and Free Radicals, by Saura Sahu and Sidney Green, edited by Harry Salem and Stephen Baskin. Published by Taylor and Francis Washington DC. pp. 327-340, 1997.
Can Non-Mammalian Sentinel Species Data be Used to Evaluate the Human health Implications of Environmental Contaminants? , by Sidney Green. Human & Ecological Risk Assessment, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 337-340, 1997.
Validation and in vitro Neurotoxicity, by Sidney Green, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 22: 383-384, 1995.
Regulatory Requirements for Validation of In Vitro Alternative Tests, in Animal Test Alternatives: Refinement, Reduction Replacement, edited by Harry Salem, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1995.
Progress of Various US regulatory Agencies in Reviewing Alternative Tests Methods, Sidney Green, J. Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 13(4), 339-343, 1994.
Framework for Validation and Implementation of In Vitro Toxicity Tests: Report of the Validation and Technology Transfer Committee of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Goldberg, A.M., Frazier, J.M., Brusick, D., Dickens, M, Flint, O., Gettings, S. D., Hill, R.N., Lipnick, R.L., Renskers, K.J., Bradlaw Wilcox, N.L., and Curren, R.D., In Vitro Toxicology, vol 6: #pp. 47-55, 1993, and in J. of the American College of Toxicology, vol. 12: pp. 23-30, 1993.
Proceedings of a Workshop on Updating Eye Irritation Test: Methods-Proposals For Regulatory Consensus: R. N. Hill, W. A. Chambers, S. Green, K. C. Gupta, P. M. Hurley, L. A. Lambert, C. C. Lee, J. K. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C. D. Roberts, V. M. Seabaugh, J. A. Springer, N. L. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No.2, P.79, 1993.
Criteria For In Vitro Alternatives For The Eye Irritation Test. S. Green, W. A. Chambers, K. C. Gupta, R. N. Hill, P. M. Hurley, L. A. Lambert, C. C. Lee, J. K. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C.D. Roberts, V. M. Seabaugh. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No. 2, 81-85, and 1993.
Screening Procedures for Eye Irritation. P. M. Hurley, W. A. Chambers, S. Green, K. C. Gupta, R. N. Hill, L. A. Lambert, C. C. Lee, J. K. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C. D. Roberts, V. M. Seabaugh, J. A. Springer, and N. L. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No. 2, 87-94, and 1993.
Use of Ophthalmic Topical Anesthetics. V. M. Seabaugh, W. A. Chambers, S. Green, K. C. Gupta, R. N. Hill, P. M. Hurley, L. A. Lambert, C. C. Lee, J. K. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C. D. Roberts, J. A. Springer, and N. W. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No. 2, 95-98. 1993.
The Use of Low-Volume Dosing in the Eye Irritation Test. L. A. Lambert, W. A. Chambers, S. Green, K. C. Gupta, R. N. Hill, P. M. Hurley, C. C. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C. D. Roberts, V. M. Seabaugh, J. A. Springer and N. L. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No. 2, 99-103, 1993.
Number of Animals for Sequential Testing. J. A. Springer, W. A. Chambers, S. Green, K. C. Gupta, R. N. Hills, P. M. Hurley, C. C. Lee, J. K. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C.D. Roberts, V. M. Seabaugh and N. L. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31, No. 2, 105-109, 1993.
Scoring for Eye Irritation Test. W. A. Chambers, S. Green, K. C. Gupta, R. N. Hill, K. Huntley, P. M. Hurley, L. A. Lambert, C. C. Lee, J. K. Lee, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, C. D. Roberts, V. M. Seabaugh, J. A. Springer and N. L. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No. 2, 111-115, 1993.
An Eye Irritation Test Protocol and An Evaluation and Classification System. K. C. Gupta, W. A. Chambers, S. Green, R. N. Hill, P. M. Hurley, L. A. Lambert, P. T. Liu, D. K. Lowther, V. M. Seabaugh, J. A. Springer, and N. L. Wilcox. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: No. 2, 117-121, 1993.
Regulatory Agency Requirements for Validation of Toxicity Tests Alternatives, Sidney Green. Toxicology Letters, 68: 119-123, 1993.
Editorial: In Vitro Test Validation and Regulatory Animal Testing: A House Built on Sand Versus a House Built on Cards? Sidney Green, Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ATLA, 20: 567-570, 1992.
New Food and Food Chemicals: Safety and Regulatory Considerations, edited by Harry Salem, Sidney Green, Sanford Bigelow, Joseph F. Borzelleca and Steve Baksins, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 32: Issue 2, 1992.
Regulatory Law and The Use of In Vitro Methods for the Assessment of Various Toxicities. In In Vitro Toxicity Testing: Applications to Safety Evaluation. Sidney Green and June Bradlaw. Published by Marcel & Dekker, Inc. New York, NY, edited by John Frazier, 1992.
Regulatory Perspectives - FDA, by Sidney Green, N. Mishra, R. Osterberg, D. Lytle and L. Schechtman in Genetic Toxicology: A Treatise, edited by Albert P. Li and R. H. Heflich, The Telford Press, West Caldwell, NJ, 1991. Regulatory Considerations for Alternatives to the Draize Eye Test, Sidney Green. J. Of Toxicology - Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 8:No.1, 59-68, 1989.
Research Activities in Toxicology and Toxicological Requirements of FDA for Food and Color Additives, Sidney Green, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1: 424-430, 1988.
Animal Alternatives in Toxicology, Sidney Green, Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 7:459-462 1988.
Regulatory Issues Associated with use of Alternative Tests, Sidney Green in Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology Safety Evaluations: Toxicology, Methods. Concepts and Risk Assessment, edited by M.A. Mehlmen; Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc. Princeton, New Jersey 1987.
A guide for Mutagenicity testing using the dominant lethal assay. Sidney Green, K.S. Lavappa, Madhu Manandhar, Ching-ju Sheu, Elbert Whorton & Janet A. Springer. Mutation Research 189: 167-174, 1987.
Reproduction Study of Caffeine Administration to Male Osborne Mendel Rats, by K.E. Whitby, T.F.X. Collins, J.J. Welch, T.N. Black, M.O'Donnel, G.C. Gray and S. Green, Food Chemical Toxicology 24:277-282, 1986.
Implementation of GLP Compliance in a Government Office by Sidney Green, in, Managing Conduct and Data Quality of Toxicology Studies, edited by K. Kristine Hoover, Judith K. Baldwin, Arthur F. Ulner, Carrier E. Whitmore, Co., Inc., 1986.
Mutagenic Agents, by Sidney Green and K.S. Lavappa, In Textbook of Pharmacology and Toxicology. SP Press International Inc., edited by S. Pradhan, R. Maikel and S. Dutta, 1986.
Current Status of Bioassays In Genetic Toxicology - The Dominant Lethal Assay: A Report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. S. Green, Angela Auletta et. al. Mutation Research 154: 49-67, 1985.
Effects of prolonged chemical treatment with cyclophosphamide and 6-mercaptopurine in the dominant lethal test system. F.M. Moreland, C.W. Sheu, J.A. Springer and S. Green, et al. Mutation Research 90: 193-199, 1981.
Special Tests for Mutagenicity, Teratogenicity and Carcinogenicity, S. Green. T.F.X. Collins and N.P. Page. In Principles and Practice of Industrial Toxicology edited by A.L. Reeves. Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.
The Role of Mammalian Cell Transformation in Carcinogenicity Testing: A Regulatory Point of View. S. Green, In "Mammalian Cell Transformation by Chemical Carcinogens". edited by Nirmal Mishra, V. Dunkel and M. Mehlman. Published by Senate Press, Inc., Princeton Junction, N.J. 1981.
An evaluation of bioassays in genetic toxicology, S. Green and A. Auletta, Mutation Research V. 76, pp. 165-168, 1980.
The Dominant Lethal and Heritable Translocation Tests, S. Green -dings of a Workshop on Methodology for Assessing Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace, October, 1980.
Department of Health and Human Services (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-100. Dominant Lethal assay of some hair dye components in outbred male rats. Ching-ju W. Sheu and Sidney Green, - Mutation Research, V. 68: pp. 85-98, 1979.
Mutagenicity Studies of the R-Amino Salt, a Metabolite of Amaranth (FD&C Red No.2), In Mouse Lymphoma cells Heterozygous at the Thymidine Kinase Locus and the Rat Dominant Lethal Test. K.A. Palmer, C.W. Sheu and S. Green. Fd & Cosmetics Toxic. V. 17, pp.5-9, 1979.
A collaborative Study of Triethylenemelamine in the Rat. F.M. Moreland, D.J. Killian, K.A. Palmer, J.A. Springer, S. Green, and M.S. Legator, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, V. 49, #1 pp. 161-170, 1979.
"Hair Dye Toxicity" by F.N. Marzulli, S. Green and H. Maibach, In Hair and Hair Diseases, edited by Prof. C.E. Orphanos of the Universitats Hautklinik Keln, West German. Published by Gustav, Fisher, Verlag, Stuttgart and New York, 1978.
Hair Dye Toxicity, Francis N. Marzulli, Sidney Green, Howard Maibach, J. Env. Pathology. V. 1 #4, March, April, 1978 pp.509-530.
Heritable Translocation Test on Random-Bred Mice with Prolonged Triethylenemelamine Treatment. C.W. Sheu, F.M. Moreland, E.J. Oswald, S. Green, and W.G. Flamm. Mutation Research 50: 241-250, 1978.
An Analysis of Meiotic Chromosomes of Inbred Male Mice and Their F-l Sons after long-term Treatment of Sires with Triethylenemelamine. J. Pecevski, N. Savkovic, D. Radiojevic and S. Green. Toxicology Letters I, 179-182, 1978.
Present, Future Uses of Mutagenicity Test for the Assessment of the Safety of Food Additives. S. Green, J. of Env. Pathology and Toxicology, I, 49-54, 1977.
Biochemical and Cytogenetic Effects in Rats caused by Short-Term Ingestion of Arochlor 1254 or Firemaster B-6, L. H. Garthoff, L. Friedman, T.M. Farber, K.K. Locke, T.J. Sobotka, S. Green, N.E. Hurely - J. Of Toxicology and Environmental Health 3: 769-796, 1977.
The Effects of Mitomycin on the Fertility and the Induction of Meiotic Chromosome Rearrangements in Mice and Their First Generation Progeny. N. Savkovie, S. Green, J. Pecevski and N. Maric, Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 19: 387-393, 1977.
The Mutagenic Assay of Some Hair Dye Components Using the Thymidine Kinase Locus of L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells. K.A. Palmer, A. Denunzio and S. Green, J. of Env. Pathology and Toxicology. Vol.#l, pp. 87-92, 1977.
A New Approach to Dominant Lethal Testing. S. Green, F.M. Moreland and W.G. Flamm, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 39: pp. 549-552, 1977.
Intermediate Duration Toxicity Study of Patulin in Rats. R.E. Daily, E. Brouwer, A.M. Blaschka, E.F. Reynaldo, S. Green, S. W. Monlux and D.I. Ruggles. J. Of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Vol. 2; pp. 713-725, 1977.
Protocols for the Dominant Lethal, Host-Mediated Assay an In Vitro Cytogenetic Test Utilized in the FDA GRAS Review. S. Green, E. Zeiger, K. Palmer, J. Springer and M. Legator, J. Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 1, 921-928, 1976.
Dominant Lethal Studies in Rats of the Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Arochlor 1242 and 1254. S. Green, F.M. Sauro and L. Friedman, Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. Vol. 13, pp. 507-519, 1975.
Additional Statistical Evaluation and Pharmacological Considerations of Hycanthone Methanesulfonate-Induced Dominant Lethality. S. Green, and J. Springer, J. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 1 #2, pp. 293-300, November 1975.
A Study of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Arochlor 1242 and 1254) for Cytogenetic Effects in Rat Bone Marrow and Spermatogonial A. Palmer and E.J. Oswald, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 13, No. 1 14-22, 1975.
In Vitro and In Vivo Cytogenetic Investigation of Tilorone Hydrochloride. (Abstract) ATLA Abstracts (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals) Vol. 2, Dec. 1974.
The Dominant Lethal Test: Potential Limitations and Statistical Considerations for Safety Evaluation. S. Green and J.A. Springer, J. of Environmental Health Perspectives. Experimental Issues #6, pp. 37-46, December 1973.
In Vivo Cytogenetic Evaluation of Chlorindazole Thoixanthene IA-4 and Niridazole in Rat Bone Marrow. F.M. Moreland and S. Green, J. of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 186 #3, pp. 399-401, 1973.
Effects of Hycanthone on Spermatogonial Cells, DNA Synthesis in Bone Marrow and Dominant Lethality in Tats. S. Green, J.V. Carr, F.M. Sauro and M.S. Legator. J. Of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 187, No. 2, pp. 437-444, 1973.
A Dominant Lethal Study of p, p' DDT in Rats. K. Palmer, S. Green and M.S. Legator. Food and Cosmetic Toxicology, Vol. 11, 53-62, 1973.
Cytogenetic Effects of Hycathone in Rats. S. Green, F.M. Sauro and M.S. Legator. Mutation Research, Vol. 17, 239-244, 1973.
Doctoral Dissertation: The Ability of Selected Screens to Predict Chemotherapeutic Usefulness (1972).
Cytogenetic Effects of DDT and Derivatives of DDT in a Cultured Mammalian Cell Line. K.A. Palmer, S. Green and M.S. Legator. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22, (3): 355-364, 1972.
Effects of Cyclohexylamine on the Fertility of Male Rats. S. Green, K. Palmer and M.S. Legator. Fd. And Cosmetics Toxicology, Vol. 10, 29-34, 1972.
Effects of 3-Isothiazolone on Human Cancer Cells. D.W. Mckinstry, W. West and S. Green. Acta Cytologia, Vol. 15 (4): 325, 1971.
In Vitro Cytogenetic Effects of Cyclamate, Cyclohexylamine and Triflupromazine HCL. S. Green, K.A. Palmer and M.S. Legator. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, Vol. 8, 617-623, 1970.
Cytogenetic Effects of Cyclohexylamine, A metabolite of Cyclamate, M.S. Legator, K.A. Palmer, S. Green and K.W. Peterson, Science 165: 1139-1140, 1969.
Mutagenic Effects of Captan. M.S. Legator, F.J. Kelly, S. Green, and E.J. Oswald. New York Academy of Sciences, Annuals of the N.Y. Academy of Sciences 160: Art. 1, 344-351, 1969.
Antineoplastic Activity of Aflatoxin B1 S. Green, Nature 220: 931-932, 1968.
Utilization of a Cell Line Derived from the Rat-Kangaroo for Cytogenetic Studies, S. Green, M. Legator, and C.B. Jacobson, Mammalian Chromosomes 8: 36, 1967.
Evaluation of Candidate Carcinostatic Agents. M.A. Gross, D. Sheldon, and S. Green, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 4, #1, 1963.