Publications

For the latest news and updates, please visit our CAATwalk Newsletter archives. And sign up to get it delivered straight to your inbox. 

Full list of CAAT Director Thomas Hartung's publications. 

The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique

The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch (book)
The seminal work that established the concept of the 3Rs of alternatives, in its entirely.

Select Recent Publications 

• Alexandra Maertens ¹, Emily Golden ¹, Thomas H Luechtefeld ^1 2, Sebastian Hoffmann ^1 3, Katya Tsaioun ¹, Thomas Hartung ^1 4 (2022) "Probablistic risk assessment - the keystone for the future of toxicology ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation. 39(1), pp.3-29. doi: 10.14573/altex.2201081.
  Probabilistic risk assessment - the keystone for the future of toxicology

• Julia M L Menon ¹, Judith A K R van Luijk ¹, Janne Swinkels ¹, Eva Lukas ², Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga ³, Nel Roeleveld ¹, Vivi Schlünssen ⁴, Daniele Mandrioli ⁵, Sebastian Hoffmann ⁶, Madalina Popa ⁷, Paul T J Scheepers ⁸ Environ Res. 2021 Oct;201:111575. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111575. Epub 2021 Jun 23.PMID: 34174259: A health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for nitrous oxide using experimental animal data based on a systematic review and dose-response analysis. Environ Res. 2021 Oct;201:111575. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935121008690?via%3Dihub
   
• Bernd Henschenmacher ¹, Annette Bitsch ², Tonia de Las Heras Gala ³, Henry Jay Forman ⁴, Athanassios Fragoulis ⁵, Pietro Ghezzi ⁶, Rupert Kellner ⁷, Wolfgang Koch ⁸, Jens Kuhne ⁹, Dmitrij Sachno ¹⁰, Gernot Schmid ¹¹, Katya Tsaioun ¹², Jos Verbeek ¹³, Robert Wright ¹⁴
  The effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro: A protocol for a systematic review
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021005572#!

• Helena T Hogberg ¹, Rita de Cássia da Silveira E Sá ^2 3, Andre Kleensang ², Mounir Bouhifd ², Ozge Cemiloglu Ulker ^2 4, Lena Smirnova ², Mamta Behl ⁵, Alexandra Maertens ², Liang Zhao ^2 6, Thomas Hartung ^2 7. Organophosphorus flame retardants are developmental neurotoxicants in a rat primary brainsphere in vitro model. Arch Toxicol (2020).
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02903-2

• Franziska Kappenberg 1, Tim Brecklinghaus 2, Wiebke Albrecht 2, Jonathan Blum 3, Carola van der Wurp 4, Marcel Leist 3, Jan G Hengstler 2, Jörg Rahnenführer 4
  Handling deviating control values in concentration-response curves. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Nov;94(11):3787-3798. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02913-0

• Cathalijn Leenaars ^1 2, Katya Tsaioun ³, Frans Stafleu ², Kieron Rooney ⁴, Franck Meijboom ², Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga ^5 6, André Bleich ¹ A. Laboratory Animals. November 2020. doi:10.1177/0023677220968599
   
• Costanza Rovida ¹, Tara Barton-Maclaren ², Emilio Benfenati ³, Francesca Caloni ⁴, P. Charukeshi Chandrasekera ⁵, Christophe Chesné ⁶, Mark T D Cronin ⁷, Joop De Knecht ⁸, Daniel R Dietrich ⁹, Sylvia E Escher ¹⁰, Suzanne Fitzpatrick ¹¹, Brenna Flannery ¹¹, Matthias Herzler ¹², Susanne Hougaard Bennekou ¹³, Bruno Hubesch ¹⁴, Hennicke Kamp ¹⁵, Jaffar Kisitu ¹⁶, Nicole Kleinstreuer ¹⁷, Simona Kovarich ¹⁸, Marcel Leist ^1 16, Alexandra Maertens ¹⁹, Kerry Nugent ²⁰, Giorgia Pallocca ¹, Manuel Pastor ²¹, Grace Patlewicz ²², Manuela Pavan ²³, Octavio Presgrave ²⁴, Lena Smirnova ¹⁹, Michael Schwarz ²⁵, Takashi Yamada ²⁶, Thomas Hartung ^1 19 “Internationalization of read-across as a validated new approach method (NAM) for regulatory toxicology”, ALTEX—Alternatives to animal experimentation, 37(4), pp. 579-606. doi: 10.14573/altex.1912181.
   
• C Korin Bullen ¹, Helena T Hogberg ², Asli Bahadirli-Talbott ¹, William R Bishai ¹, Thomas Hartung ^2 3 4, Casey Keuthan ⁵, Monika M Looney ¹, Andrew Pekosz ⁴, J Carolina Romero ², Fenna C M Sillé ^2 6, Peter Um ¹, Lena Smirnova ²., Um, P. and Smirnova, L. (2020) “Infectability of human BrainSphere neurons suggests neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2”, ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation, 37(4), pp. 665-671. doi: 10.14573/altex.2006111.
   
• Masjosthusmann S, Blum J, Bartmann K et al. (2020) Establishment of an a priori protocol for the implementation and interpretation of an in-vitro testing battery for the assessment of developmental neurotoxicity. External scientific report doi: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.EN-1938

• Helena T Hogberg ¹, Rita de Cássia da Silveira E Sá ^2 3, Andre Kleensang ², Mounir Bouhifd ², Ozge Cemiloglu Ulker ^2 4, Lena Smirnova ², Mamta Behl ⁵, Alexandra Maertens ², Liang Zhao ^2 6, Thomas Hartung ^2 7. Organophosphorus flame retardants are developmental neurotoxicants in a rat primary brainsphere in vitro model. Arch Toxicol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02903-2

• Francois Busquet ^1 2, Thomas Hartung ^1 3, Giorgia Pallocca ¹, Costanza Rovida ¹, Marcel Leist ^4 5 Harnessing the power of novel animal‑free test methods for the development of COVID‑19 drugs and vaccines. Arch Toxicol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02787-2 (https://rdcu.be/b4m8S)

• Daniela Calina ¹, Thomas Hartung ^2 3, Anca Oana Docea ⁴, Demetrios A Spandidos ⁵, Alex M Egorov ^6 7, Michael I Shtilman ⁸, Felix Carvalho ⁹, Aristidis Tsatsakis ^{10 11 12 13} COVID-19 vaccines: Ethical framework concerning human challenge studies. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40199-020-00371-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40199-020-00371-8

• Francois Busquet ^1 2, Andre Kleensang ³, Costanza Rovida ^1 4, Kathrin Herrmann ³, Marcel Leist ¹, Thomas Hartung ^1 3 (2020) New European Union statistics on laboratory animal use—what really counts?, ALTEX 37(2), pp. 167-186. doi: 10.14573/altex.2003241.

• M J Moné ¹, G Pallocca ², S E Escher ³, T Exner ⁴, M Herzler ⁵, S Hougaard Bennekou ⁶, H Kamp ⁷, E D Kroese ⁸, Marcel Leist ^9 10, T Steger-Hartmann ¹¹, B van de Water ¹ Setting the stage for next-generation risk assessment with non-animal approaches: the EU-ToxRisk project experience. Arch Toxicol (2020). 
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02866-4

• Maertens A, Tran VP, Maertens M, Kleensang A, Luechtefeld TH, Hartung T, Paller CJ. Functionally Enigmatic Genes in Cancer: Using TCGA Data to Map the Limitations of Annotations. Sci Rep 10, 4106 (2020).

• Uwe Marx ^1 2, Takafumi Akabane ³, Tommy B Andersson ⁴, Elizabeth Baker ⁵, Mario Beilmann ⁶, Sonja Beken ⁷, Susanne Brendler-Schwaab ⁸, Murat Cirit ⁹, Rhiannon David ¹⁰, Eva-Maria Dehne ¹, Isabell Durieux ¹, Lorna Ewart ¹⁰, Suzanne C Fitzpatrick ¹¹, Olivier Frey ¹², Florian Fuchs ¹³, Linda G Griffith ¹⁴, Geraldine A Hamilton ¹⁵, Thomas Hartung ^16 17 18, Julia Hoeng ¹⁹, Helena Hogberg ¹⁶, David J Hughes ²⁰, Donald E Ingber ²¹, Anita Iskandar ¹⁹, Toshiyuki Kanamori ²², Hajime Kojima ²³, Jochen Kuehnl ²⁴, Marcel Leist ¹⁷, Bo Li ²⁵, Peter Loskill ^26 27, Donna L Mendrick ²⁸, Thomas Neumann ²⁹, Giorgia Pallocca ¹⁷, Ivan Rusyn ³⁰, Lena Smirnova ¹⁶, Thomas Steger-Hartmann ³¹, Danilo A Tagle ³², Alexander Tonevitsky ^33 34, Sergej Tsyb ³⁵, Martin Trapecar ¹⁴, Bob Van de Water ³⁶, Janny Van den Eijnden-van Raaij ³⁷, Paul Vulto ³⁸, Kengo Watanabe ³⁹, Armin Wolf ¹², Xiaobing Zhou ²⁵, Adrian Roth ⁴⁰, et al. Biology-Inspired Microphysiological Systems to Advance Patient Benefit and Animal Welfare in Drug Development. ALTEX, February 28, 2020.

• Xiali Zhong ^1 2, Georgina Harris ¹, Lena Smirnova ¹, Valentin Zufferey ³, Rita de Cássia da Silveira E Sá ⁴, Fabiele Baldino Russo ⁵, Patricia Cristina Baleeiro Beltrao Braga ^5 6, Megan Chesnut ¹, Marie-Gabrielle Zurich ³, Helena T Hogberg ¹, Thomas Hartung ^1 7, David Pamies ^1 3 (2020). Antidepressant Paroxetine Exerts Developmental Neurotoxicity in an iPSC-Derived 3D Human Brain Model. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, 493.

• Moving Beyond the 3Rs in Biomedical Research (EU Science Hub, September 23, 2019)

• EPA Awards Nearly $850,000 to Johns Hopkins CAAT to Advance Research on Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAATwalk Newsletter, September 11, 2019)

• U.S. EPA to Eliminate All Mammal Testing by 2035 (Science)

Previous Scientific Publications

1. Albrecht W, Kappenberg F, Brecklinghaus T, Stoeber R, Marchan R, Zhang M, Ebbert K, Kirschner H, Grinberg M, Leist M, Moritz W, Cadenas C, Ghallab A, Reinders J, Vartak N, van Thriel C, Golka K, Tolosa L, Castell JV, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lampen A, Braeuning A, T Buhrke, Behr AC, Oberemm A, Kamp H, Gu X, Kittana N, van de Water B, Kreiling R, Fayyaz S, van Aerts L, Smedsrod B, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Steger-Hartmann T, Gundert-Remy U, Zeigerer A, Ullrich A, Runge D, Lee SML, Schiergens TS, Sachinidis A, Edlund K, Gardner I, Rahnenführer J, Hengstler JG. (2019) Prediction of human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in relation to oral doses and blood concentrations. Arch Toxicol, 2019 Jun;93(6):1609-1637. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02492-9.
2. Ankley G, Escher B, Hartung T and Shah I. Pathway-based approaches for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. Environmental Sience & Technology 2016, 50: 10295−10296. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04425 (IF 5.3).
3. Ankley G, Escher B, Hartung T and Shah I. Pathway-based approaches for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2016, 29, 1789−1790. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00321 (IF 3.5)
4. Aschner M, Ceccatelli S, Daneshian M, Fritsche E, Hasiwa N, Hartung T, Hogberg HT, Leist M, Li A, Mundy WR, Padilla S, Piersma AH, Bal-Price A, Seiler A, Westerink R, Zimmer B and Lein P. Selection of reference compounds for characterization and development of alternative methods for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing. ALTEX 2016, in press. doi: 10.14573/altex.1604201 (IF 4.1)
5. Ball N, Cronin MTD, Shen J, Adenuga MD, Blackburn K, Booth ED, Bouhifd M, Donley E, Egnash L, Freeman JJ, Hastings C, Juberg DR, Kleensang A, Kleinstreuer N, Kroese D, Lee AC, Luechtefeld T, Maertens A, Marty S, Naciff JM, Palmer J, Pamies D, Penman M, Richarz A-N, Russo DP, Stuard SB, Patlewicz G, van Ravenzwaay B, Wu S, Zhu H and Hartung T. Toward Good Read-Across Practice (GRAP) guidance. ALTEX 2016, 33, 149-166. http://doi.org/10.14573/altex.1601251. (IF 4.1)
6. Benfenati E, Berggren E, Fritsche E, Hartung T, Slikker W Jr, Spielm ann H, Test ai E, Tice RR, Tiramani M and Villenave R, 2016. Special issue: novel chemical hazard characterisation approaches. EFSA Journal 2016, 14(S1):s0506, 10 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.s0506.
7. Bowman, Zhao L, Hartung T and Wolfgang MJ. Requirement for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in mammalian development revealed by a hypomorphic allelic series. Molecular Cellular Biology, 2016, in press. doi:10.1128/MCB.00166-16 [Epub ahead of print] (IF 4.8)
8. Bowman CE, Rodriguez S, Alpergin ES, Zhao L, Hartung T, Watkins PA and Wolfgang MJ. The mammalian malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3 is required for mitochondrial protein malonylation and metabolic efficiency. Submitted
9. Busquet, F., Hartung, T., Pallocca, G. et al. (2020) Harnessing the Power of Animal-Free Test Methods for the Development of COVID-19 Drugs and Vaccines. Harnessing the power of novel animal‑free test methods for the development of COVID‑19 drugs and vaccines. Arch Toxicol, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02787-2 (https://rdcu.be/b4m8S) 
10. Busquet F and Hartung T. Trans-Atlantic harmonization of standards. ILAR J, 2016, in press (IF 2.4)
11. Busquet, F., Kleensang, A., Rovida, C., Herrmann, K., Leist, M. and Hartung, T. (2020) New European Union statistics on laboratory animal use– what really counts!, ALTEX—Alternatives to animal experimentation, 37(2), pp. 167-186.
12. da Silva CC, Presgrave OAF, Hartung T, Lage de Moraes AM, Delgado IF. Applicability of the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) for hyperimmune sera in the routine of the quality control laboratory: Comparison with the Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT). Toxicol. In Vitro 2016, 32:70–75. (IF 2.7)
13. Delp J, Funke M, Rudolf F, Cediel Ulloa A, Hougaard S, van der Stel W, Carta G, Jennings P, Toma C, Gardner I, van de Water B, Forsby A, Leist M. (2019) – Development of a neurotoxicity assay that is tuned to detect mitochondrial toxicands. Arch Toxicol, in press (10.1007/s00204-019-02473-y)
14. Elgogary A, Xu Q, Poore B, Alt J, Zimmermann SC, Zhao L, Fu J, Chen B, Xia S, Liu Y, Neisser M, Nguyen C, Lee R, Park JK, Reyes J, Hartung T, Rojas C, Rais R, Tsukamoto T, Semenza GL, Hanes J, Slusher BS and Le A. Combination therapy with BPTES nanoparticles and metformin targets the metabolic heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2016, in press. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611406113  [Epub ahead of print] (IF 9.4)
15. Escher BI, Hackermüller J, Polte T, Scholz S, Aigner A, Altenburger R, Böhme A, Bopp SK, Brack W, Busch W, Chadeau-Hyam M, Covaci A, Eisenträger A, Galligan J, Garcia-Reyero N, Hartung T, Hein M, Herberth G, Jahnke A, Kleinjans J, Kluever N, Krauss M, Lamoree M, Lehmann I, Luckenbach T, Miller GW, Mueller A, Phillips DH, Rappaport SM, Reemtsma T, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schüürmann G, Schwikowski B, Tan Y-M, Trump S, Walter-Rohde S and Wambaugh JF. From the exposome to mechanistic understanding of chemical-induced adverse effects. submitted
16. Fasani RA, Livi CB, Choudhury DR, Kleensang A, Bouhifd M, Pendse SN, McMullen PD, Andersen ME, Hartung T and Rosenberg M. The Human Toxome Collaboratorium: a shared environment for multi-omic computational collaboration within a consortium. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2016, 6:322. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00322. (IF 3.8)
17. Grego S, Dougherty ER, Alexander FJ, Auerbach SS, Berridge BR, Bittner ML, Casey W, Cooley P, Dash A, Ferguson SS, Fennell TR, Hawkins BT, Hickey AJ, Kleensang A, Liebmann MN, Martin F, Maull EA, Paragas J, Qiao G, Ramaiahgara S, Sumner SJ, Yoon M: Systems Biology for Organotypic Cell Cultures. ALTEX 2016 (in press), 10.14573/altex.1608221
18. Hartung T. Utility of the Adverse Outcome Pathway concept in drug development. Expert Opinion In Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 2016, in press. (IF 2.8)
19. Hartung T.  E-Cigarettes and the need and opportunities for alternatives to animal testing. ALTEX 2016, 33:211-224. (IF 4.1)
20. Hartung T. Evolution of toxicological science: the need for change. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 2016, in press.
21. Hartung T. Making big sense from big data in toxicology by read-across. ALTEX, 2016, 33:83-93. (IF 4.1)
22. Hartung T. Perspectives on in vitro to in vivo extrapolations. J. Appl. In Vitro Toxicol., revised.
23. Hartung T. Introduction and overview. In: Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III: ADME and Toxicology: A Comprehensive Overview of the Current Status and Application of Predictive ADMET. Elsevier, in press.
24. Hartung T. Can we wait for e-cigarette trials? Chemistry World 2016, available at: http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2016/04/electronic-cigarettes-trials-vaping-safety-data. (IF 0.2)
25. Hartung T. E-cigarettes—the ugly duckling of public health? Scientific American 315(2):9-9. (IF 1.5)
26. Hartung T, Borel A and Schmitz G. Detecting the broad spectrum of pyrogens with the human whole-blood monocyte activation test. BioProcess International 2016, 14:38-56.
27. Hartung T, Hogberg HT, Leist M, Pamies D and Smirnova L. Advanced cell techniques to study developmental neurobiology and toxicology. In: Slikker W and Wang C. Neural Cell Biology. Chapter 18. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, in press.
28. Hartung T. Alternativen zu Tierversuchen. In: Greim H. and Deml E. Toxikologie: Eine Einführung für Naturwissenschaftler und Mediziner. 2nd edition, Wiley, in press.
29. Juberg DR, Knudsen TB, Beck N, Becker RA, Daston GP, Faustman EM, Fitzpatrick SC, Fowle  JR III, Harrill A, Hartung T, Hines RN, Keller DA, Lemazurier E, Lipscomb JC, Mendrick DL,  Sander M, Tice RT and Watson D. FutureTox III: Bridges for Translation. Toxicol Sci, 2016, in peress. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw194. Available at: http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/10/25/toxsci.kfw194.full.pdf?keytype=ref&ijkey=etES3pEy7b3h1M3. (IF 4.3)
30. Kaesler S, Skabytska Y, Chen K-M, Kempf WE, Volz T, Köberle M, Wölbing F, Hein U, Hartung T, Kirschning C, Röcken M and Biedermann T. Staphylococcus aureus-derived lipoteichoic acid induces temporary T-cell paralysis independent of Toll-like receptor 2. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016, in press. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.043. (IF 11.5)   
31. Kilic O, Pamies D, Lavell E, Hartung T, Bal-Price A, Hogberg HT, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cazares H and Levchenko A. Microphysiological brain model enables analysis of neuronal differentiation and chemotaxis. Lab Chip 2016, in print. DOI: 10.1039/C6LC00946H. (IF 6.1).
32. Kleensang A, Vantangoli M, Odwin-DaCosta S, Andersen ME, Boekelheide K, Bouhifd M, Fornace AJ Jr, Livi CB, Madnick S, Maertens A, Zhao L, Rosenberg M, Yager JD and Hartung T. Genetic variability in a frozen batch of MCF-7 cells invisible in routine authentication affecting cell function. Scientific Reports 6: 28994-28994. (IF 5.6)
33. Kleensang A, Maertens A and Hartung T. From big data to predictive analysis from in vitro systems. In: Atala A and Murphy S. Regenerative Medicine Technology: On-a-chip Applications for Disease Modeling, Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine. CRC Press, in press.
34. Laquieze L, Brohem CA, Falagan-Lotsch P, Ribeiro AR, Borojevic R, Hartung T and Granjeiro JM. Alternative methods for cosmetics safety assessment. Submitted.
35. Luechtefeld T, Maertens A, Russo DP, Rovida C, Zhu H and Hartung T. Global analysis of publicly available safety data for 9,801 substances registered under REACH from 2008-2014. ALTEX 2016, 33, 95-109. http://doi.org/10.14573/altex.1510052. (IF 4.1)
36. Luechtefeld T, Maertens A, Russo DP, Rovida C, Zhu H and Hartung T. Analysis of public oral toxicity data from REACH registrations 2008-2014. ALTEX 2016, 33, 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14573/altex.1510054. (IF 4.1)
37. Luechtefeld T, Maertens A, Russo DP, Rovida C, Zhu H and Hartung T. Analysis of Draize eye irritation testing and its prediction by mining publicly available 2008-2014 REACH data. ALTEX 2016, 33, 123-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.14573/altex.1510053. (IF 4.1)
38. Luechtefeld T, Maertens A, Russo DP, Rovida C, Zhu H and Hartung T. Analysis of publically available skin sensitization data from REACH registrations 2008-2014. ALTEX 2016, 33, 135-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14573/altex.1510055. (IF 4.1)
39. Maertens A, Bouhifd M, Zhao L, Odwin-DaCosta S, Kleensang A, Yager JD and Hartung T. Metabolomic network analysis of estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells: a comparison of over-representation analysis, quantitative enrichment analysis and pathway analysis versus metabolite network analysis. Arch. Toxicol. 2016, in press. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1695-x (IF 5.1)
40. Marx U, Andersson TB, Bahinski A, Beilmann M, Beken S, Cassee FR, Cirit M, Daneshian M, Fitzpatrick S, Frey O, Gaertner C, Giese C, Griffith L, Hartung T, Heringa MB, Hoeng J, de Jong WH, Kojima H, Kuehnl J, Luch A, Maschmeyer I, Sakharov D, Sips AJAM, Steger-Hartmann T, Tagle DA, Tonevitsky A, Tralau T, Tsyb S, van de Stolpe A, Vandebriel R, Vulto P, Wang J, Wiest J, Rodenburg M and Roth A. Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing using animals. ALTEX 2016, 33:272-321. doi: 10.14573/altex.1603161 (IF 4.1)
41. Negherbon J, Romero K, Williams DL, Guerrero-Preston RE, Hartung T, Scott A, Breysse PN and Checkley. Whole blood cytokine response to particulate matter in children with and without asthma. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, submitted.
42. Pamies D, Barreras P, Block K, Makri G, Kumar A, Wiersma D, Smirnova L, ZangC, Bressler J, Christian KM, Harris G, Ming GL, Berlinicke CJ, Kyro K, Song H, Pardo CA, Hartung T, Hogberg  HT. A human brain microphysiological system derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to study neurological diseases and toxicity. ALTEX. 2016 Nov 24. doi: 10.14573/altex.1609122. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27883356.
43. Pamies D, Bal-Price A, Simeonov A, Tagle D, Allen D, Gerhold D, Yin D, Pistollato F, Inutsuka T, Sullivan K, Stacey G, Salem H, Leist M, Daneshian M, Vemuri MC, McFarland R, Coecke S, Fitzpatrick SC, Lakshmipathy U, Mack A, Wang WB, Sekino Y, Kanda Y, Smirnova L and Hartung T. Good Cell Culture Practice for stem cells and stem-cell-derived models. ALTEX 2016, in press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.14573/altex.1607121 (IF 4.1)
44. Pamies D and Hartung T. 21st century cell culture for 21st century toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol, in press. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00269 (IF 3.5).
45. Pendse SN, Maertens A, Rosenberg M, Roy D, Fasani R, Vantangoli M, Madnick S, Boekelheide K, Fornace A Jr, Odwin S-A, Yager J, Hartung T, Andersen ME and McMullen PD. Information-dependent enrichment analysis reveals time-dependent transcriptional regulation of the estrogen pathway of toxicity. Arch. Toxicol. 2016, in press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/038570  [Epub ahead of print] (IF 5.1)
46. Pistollato F, Ohayon EL, Lam A, Langley GR, Novak TJ, Pamies D, Perry G, Trushina E, Williams RS, Roher AE, Hartung T, Harnad S, Barnard N, Morris MC, Lai MC, Merkley R, Chandrasekera PC. Alzheimer disease research in the 21st century: past and current failures, new perspectives and funding priorities. Oncotarget. 2016 Jun 28;7(26):38999-39016. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9175. PubMed PMID: 27229915.
47. Russo DP, Kim MT, Wang W, Pinolini D, Shende S, Strickland J, Hartung T and Zhu H. CIIPro: a new read-across portal to fill data gaps using public large-scale chemical and biological data. Bioinformatics 2016, in press. (IF 5.8)
48. Salem H, Dorsey R, Carmany D and Hartung T. In vivo, in vitro and stem cell technologies to predict human pharmacology and toxicology. In: Atala A and Murphy S. Regenerative Medicine Technology: On-a-chip Applications for Disease Modeling, Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine. CRC Press, in press.
49. Samuel GO, Hoffmann S, Wright R, Lalu MM, Patlewicz G, Becker RA, DeGeorge GL, Fergusson D, Hartung T, Lewis J and Stephens M. Guidance on assessing the methodological and reporting quality of toxicologically relevant studies: a scoping review. Environment International 2016, 92-93:630-646. (IF 5.6)
50. Sauer JM, Kleensang A, Peitsch MC, Hayes AW: Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology. Toxicol Res 2016, 32(1):5-8, 10.5487/TR.2016.32.1.005
51. Schmidt BZ, Lehmann M, Gutbier S, Nembo E, Noel S, Smirnova L, Forsby A, Hescheler J, Avci HX, Hartung T, Leist M, Kobolák J and Dinnyés A. In vitro neurotoxicity screening: an overview of cellular platforms and high-throughput technical possibilities. Arch. Toxicol. 2016, in press. DOI 10.1007/s00204-016-1805-9.  (IF 5.1)
52. Smirnova L, Harris G, Delp J, Valadares M, Pamies D, Hogberg HT, Waldmann T, Leist M, Hartung T. A LUHMES 3D dopaminergic neuronal model for neurotoxicity testing allowing long-term exposure and cellular resilience analysis. Arch Toxicol. 2016 Nov;90(11):2725-2743. PubMed PMID: 26647301; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5065586.
53. Sogorb MA, Pamies D, Estevan C, Estévez J, Vilanova E. Roles of NTE protein and encoding gene in development and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Jul 28. pii: S0009-2797(16)30304-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.030. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27475862.
54. Stephens ML, Betts K, Beck NB, Cogliano V, Dickersin K, Fitzpatrick S, Freeman J, Gray G, Hartung T, McPartland J, Rooney AA, Scherer RW, Verloo D and Hoffmann S. The emergence of systematic review in toxicology. Toxicol Sci, 2016, in press. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw059 [Epub ahead of print] (IF 4.3)
55. Taylor A.M. Wolffe, Paul Whaley, Crispin Halsall, Andrew A. Rooney, Vickie R. Walker. Systematic evidence maps as a novel tool to support evidence-based decision-making in chemicals policy and risk management, Environment International, Volume 130, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.065.
56. Tong Z-B, Hogberg H, Kuo D, Sakamuru S, Xia M, Smirnova L, Hartung T and Gerhold D. Identification of a favored cell line model for neuronal cytotoxicity testing. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2016, in press. (IF 2.6).
57. Tsaioun K, Blaauboer BJ, Hartung T. Evidence-based absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and its interplay with alternative toxicity methods. ALTEX. 2016;33(4):343-358. doi: 10.14573/altex.1610101. PMID: 27806179
58. van Ravenzwaay B, Jiang X, Luechtefeld T and Hartung T. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern for prenatal developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits. Submitted.
59. Zhu H, Bouhifd M, Donley E, Egnash L, Kleinstreuer N, Kroese ED, Liu Z, Luechtefeld T, Palmer J, Pamies D, Shen J, Strauss V, Wu S, Hartung T. Supporting read-across using biological data. ALTEX. 2016;33(2):167-82. doi: 10.14573/altex.1601252. PubMed PMID: 26863516; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4834201.

Archived Articles from CAAT

• The Usefulness of Systematic Reviews of Animal Experiments for the Design of Preclinical and Clinical Studies
  (ILAR, December 2014)
• MicroRNA Profiling as Tool for In Vitro Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing: The Case of Sodium Valproate
  (PLOS ONE, June 2014)
• CAAT Director Thomas Hartung Sees “Revolution” in Alternatives 
  (Chemistry World, January 2014)
• CAAT’s Paul Locke on the West Virginia Chemical Spill (Op-Ed)
  (WV Gazette, January 2014)
• Review: Toxicometabolomics
  (Applied Toxicology, February 2013)
• t4 Report: Metabolomics in Toxicology and Preclinical Research
  (Altex, 30, 2/2013)
• Inflammatory findings on species extrapolations: humans are definitely no 70-kg mice by Marcel Leist and Thomas Hartung (Arch Toxicol, 2013)
• Alternative approaches for medical countermeasures to biological and chemical terrorism and warfare by Thomas Hartung and Joanne Zurlo (Altex 3/12)
• Animal-free Toxicology: Sometimes, In Vitro is Better (Science magazine, March, 2012)
• Food for thought … on validation. A puzzle or a mystery: an approach founded on new science by Neil Wilcox and Alan Goldberg: (Altex V.28, No.2)
• Developmental neurotoxicity testing: Recommendations for developing alternative methods for the screening and prioritization of chemicals by Kevin M. Crofton, William R. Mundy, Pamela J. Lein, Anna Bal-Price, Sandra Coecke, Andrea Seiler, Holger Knaut, Leonora Buzanska and Alan Goldberg: (Altex V.28, No.2)
• Current standing and future prospects for the technologies proposed  to transform toxicity testing in the 21st century (Altex V.28, No.2)
• All articles from ALTEX: Alternatives to Animal Experimentation (official journal of CAAT, EUSAAT, and t⁴)
• Food for Thought … on Alternative Methods for Nanoparticle Safety Testing by Thomas Hartung (ALTEX 2/10)
• Markers of Murine Embryonic and Neural Stem Cells, Neurons and Astrocytes: Reference Points for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing: A Transatlantic Think for Toxicology (t⁴) Review (ALTEX 1/10) (PDF)
• First Alternative Method Validated by a Retrospective Weight-of-evidence Approach to Replace the Draize Eye Test for the Identification of Non-irritant Substances for a Defined Applicability Domain by Thomas Hartung, Leon Bruner, Rodger Curren, Chantra Eskes, Alan Goldberg, Pauline McNamee, Laurie Scott and Valérie Zuang (ALTEX 1/10)
• Food for Thought... on In Silico Methods in Toxicology by Thomas Hartung (ALTEX 3/09) (PDF)
• Re-Evaluation of Animal Numbers and Costs for In Vivo Tests to Accomplish REACH Legislation Requirements for Chemicals—a Report by the Transatlantic Think Tank for Toxicology (t⁴)  by Costanza Rovida and Thomas Hartung (ALTEX 3/09) (PDF)
• Food for Thought... on Evidence-based Toxicology by Thomas Hartung (ALTEX 2/09)
• Toxicology for the Twenty-first Century by Thomas Hartung (Nature, July 2009) (PDF)
• Alternatives for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing Meeting Report (2007)
• Animals and Alternatives: Societal Expectations and Scientific Need (2004 FRAME Lecture, by Alan Goldberg) PDF file
• To 3R is Humane
  The Environmental Law Institute, July/August 2004
• The Three R's: The Way Forward
  Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• The Three R's and Biomedical Research
  Science
• Yes, Dad, There Are Alternatives
  AV Magazine, Spring 2005

Articles about CAAT

• Human on a Chip (Fast Company, July 2014)
• Alternative alla sperimentazione animale: la ricerca va avanti (Inchiesta, February 2014)
• A Plan for Revolutionizing Toxicology Testing for the 21st Century (Environmental Factor, August 2013)
• Will We Ever... Eliminate Animal Experimentation? (BBC, June 2013)
• Animal Rule for Drug Approval Creates a Jungle of Confusion (Nature Medicine, February 2013)
• Big Biology: The 'Omes Puzzle (Nature Journal, February 2013)
• Jerry Polder: Good Alternatives to Animal Testing Available (Wisconsin State Journal, March 2013)
• US and EU Experts Discuss Collaboration on New Toxicology Tools (Chemical Watch, October, 2012)
• A Virtual Patient: Interview with Thomas Hartung (Dutch Journal Medicines, September, 2012) (PDF)
• Animal-free Toxicology: Sometimes, In Vitro is Better (Science magazine, March, 2012)
• Director of the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing too busy to own a dog by Lee Bowman Scripps
• Alternatives to Animal Testing Gaining Ground (Baltimore Sun, 2010)
• CAAT Director Thomas Hartung Receives Agilent Thought Leader Award (2010)
• EU Chemical Law "Spells Surge in Animal Testing" (Reuters, August, 2010)
• University of Konstanz and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Establish Center of Alternatives to Animal Testing—Europe (April, 2010)
• Crucial Data on REACH Not Disclosed (Nature News, April 2010)
• How Cosmetics Led to the Creation of a New Field of Science (JHU Gazette, 10/2006)
• Leading the Way (Johns Hopkins Magazine, 10/2006)
• Humane Science Offers Alternatives to Animal Testing (Johns Hopkins Public Health Magazine, Fall 2006)
• All Creatures Great and Small: Seeking Alternatives to Animal Testing in Research (Environmental Health Sciences Connection, Summer/Fall 2006) (PDF download, article begins on page 6)
• CAAT Changing Face of Research
  (Johns Hopkins Gazette, 9/1996)
• 'Humane Science' Guides CAAT
  (Johns Hopkins Gazette, 9/2001)

Books

• The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch (full text, hosted at Altweb). This is the pivotal classic that defined the field of alternatives.
• Animals and Alternatives in Testing: History, Science, and Ethics

Periodicals

• The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing Newsletter (archive only)
• CAATALYST (archive only)

CAAT Promotional Materials

• CAAT Brochure (2.2 MB PDF)

CAAT Technical Reports